Struct valence_math::Quat

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pub struct Quat(/* private fields */);
Expand description

A quaternion representing an orientation.

This quaternion is intended to be of unit length but may denormalize due to floating point “error creep” which can occur when successive quaternion operations are applied.

SIMD vector types are used for storage on supported platforms.

This type is 16 byte aligned.

Implementations§

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impl Quat

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pub const IDENTITY: Quat = _

The identity quaternion. Corresponds to no rotation.

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pub const NAN: Quat = _

All NANs.

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pub const fn from_xyzw(x: f32, y: f32, z: f32, w: f32) -> Quat

Creates a new rotation quaternion.

This should generally not be called manually unless you know what you are doing. Use one of the other constructors instead such as identity or from_axis_angle.

from_xyzw is mostly used by unit tests and serde deserialization.

§Preconditions

This function does not check if the input is normalized, it is up to the user to provide normalized input or to normalized the resulting quaternion.

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pub const fn from_array(a: [f32; 4]) -> Quat

Creates a rotation quaternion from an array.

§Preconditions

This function does not check if the input is normalized, it is up to the user to provide normalized input or to normalized the resulting quaternion.

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pub const fn from_vec4(v: Vec4) -> Quat

Creates a new rotation quaternion from a 4D vector.

§Preconditions

This function does not check if the input is normalized, it is up to the user to provide normalized input or to normalized the resulting quaternion.

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pub fn from_slice(slice: &[f32]) -> Quat

Creates a rotation quaternion from a slice.

§Preconditions

This function does not check if the input is normalized, it is up to the user to provide normalized input or to normalized the resulting quaternion.

§Panics

Panics if slice length is less than 4.

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pub fn write_to_slice(self, slice: &mut [f32])

Writes the quaternion to an unaligned slice.

§Panics

Panics if slice length is less than 4.

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pub fn from_axis_angle(axis: Vec3, angle: f32) -> Quat

Create a quaternion for a normalized rotation axis and angle (in radians).

The axis must be a unit vector.

§Panics

Will panic if axis is not normalized when glam_assert is enabled.

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pub fn from_scaled_axis(v: Vec3) -> Quat

Create a quaternion that rotates v.length() radians around v.normalize().

from_scaled_axis(Vec3::ZERO) results in the identity quaternion.

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pub fn from_rotation_x(angle: f32) -> Quat

Creates a quaternion from the angle (in radians) around the x axis.

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pub fn from_rotation_y(angle: f32) -> Quat

Creates a quaternion from the angle (in radians) around the y axis.

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pub fn from_rotation_z(angle: f32) -> Quat

Creates a quaternion from the angle (in radians) around the z axis.

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pub fn from_euler(euler: EulerRot, a: f32, b: f32, c: f32) -> Quat

Creates a quaternion from the given Euler rotation sequence and the angles (in radians).

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pub fn from_mat3(mat: &Mat3) -> Quat

Creates a quaternion from a 3x3 rotation matrix.

Note if the input matrix contain scales, shears, or other non-rotation transformations then the resulting quaternion will be ill-defined.

§Panics

Will panic if any input matrix column is not normalized when glam_assert is enabled.

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pub fn from_mat3a(mat: &Mat3A) -> Quat

Creates a quaternion from a 3x3 SIMD aligned rotation matrix.

Note if the input matrix contain scales, shears, or other non-rotation transformations then the resulting quaternion will be ill-defined.

§Panics

Will panic if any input matrix column is not normalized when glam_assert is enabled.

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pub fn from_mat4(mat: &Mat4) -> Quat

Creates a quaternion from the upper 3x3 rotation matrix inside a homogeneous 4x4 matrix.

Note if the upper 3x3 matrix contain scales, shears, or other non-rotation transformations then the resulting quaternion will be ill-defined.

§Panics

Will panic if any column of the upper 3x3 rotation matrix is not normalized when glam_assert is enabled.

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pub fn from_rotation_arc(from: Vec3, to: Vec3) -> Quat

Gets the minimal rotation for transforming from to to. The rotation is in the plane spanned by the two vectors. Will rotate at most 180 degrees.

The inputs must be unit vectors.

from_rotation_arc(from, to) * from ≈ to.

For near-singular cases (from≈to and from≈-to) the current implementation is only accurate to about 0.001 (for f32).

§Panics

Will panic if from or to are not normalized when glam_assert is enabled.

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pub fn from_rotation_arc_colinear(from: Vec3, to: Vec3) -> Quat

Gets the minimal rotation for transforming from to either to or -to. This means that the resulting quaternion will rotate from so that it is colinear with to.

The rotation is in the plane spanned by the two vectors. Will rotate at most 90 degrees.

The inputs must be unit vectors.

to.dot(from_rotation_arc_colinear(from, to) * from).abs() ≈ 1.

§Panics

Will panic if from or to are not normalized when glam_assert is enabled.

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pub fn from_rotation_arc_2d(from: Vec2, to: Vec2) -> Quat

Gets the minimal rotation for transforming from to to. The resulting rotation is around the z axis. Will rotate at most 180 degrees.

The inputs must be unit vectors.

from_rotation_arc_2d(from, to) * from ≈ to.

For near-singular cases (from≈to and from≈-to) the current implementation is only accurate to about 0.001 (for f32).

§Panics

Will panic if from or to are not normalized when glam_assert is enabled.

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pub fn to_axis_angle(self) -> (Vec3, f32)

Returns the rotation axis (normalized) and angle (in radians) of self.

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pub fn to_scaled_axis(self) -> Vec3

Returns the rotation axis scaled by the rotation in radians.

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pub fn to_euler(self, order: EulerRot) -> (f32, f32, f32)

Returns the rotation angles for the given euler rotation sequence.

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pub fn to_array(&self) -> [f32; 4]

[x, y, z, w]

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pub fn xyz(self) -> Vec3

Returns the vector part of the quaternion.

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pub fn conjugate(self) -> Quat

Returns the quaternion conjugate of self. For a unit quaternion the conjugate is also the inverse.

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pub fn inverse(self) -> Quat

Returns the inverse of a normalized quaternion.

Typically quaternion inverse returns the conjugate of a normalized quaternion. Because self is assumed to already be unit length this method does not normalize before returning the conjugate.

§Panics

Will panic if self is not normalized when glam_assert is enabled.

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pub fn dot(self, rhs: Quat) -> f32

Computes the dot product of self and rhs. The dot product is equal to the cosine of the angle between two quaternion rotations.

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pub fn length(self) -> f32

Computes the length of self.

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pub fn length_squared(self) -> f32

Computes the squared length of self.

This is generally faster than length() as it avoids a square root operation.

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pub fn length_recip(self) -> f32

Computes 1.0 / length().

For valid results, self must not be of length zero.

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pub fn normalize(self) -> Quat

Returns self normalized to length 1.0.

For valid results, self must not be of length zero.

Panics

Will panic if self is zero length when glam_assert is enabled.

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pub fn is_finite(self) -> bool

Returns true if, and only if, all elements are finite. If any element is either NaN, positive or negative infinity, this will return false.

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pub fn is_nan(self) -> bool

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pub fn is_normalized(self) -> bool

Returns whether self of length 1.0 or not.

Uses a precision threshold of 1e-6.

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pub fn is_near_identity(self) -> bool

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pub fn angle_between(self, rhs: Quat) -> f32

Returns the angle (in radians) for the minimal rotation for transforming this quaternion into another.

Both quaternions must be normalized.

§Panics

Will panic if self or rhs are not normalized when glam_assert is enabled.

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pub fn rotate_towards(&self, rhs: Quat, max_angle: f32) -> Quat

Rotates towards rhs up to max_angle (in radians).

When max_angle is 0.0, the result will be equal to self. When max_angle is equal to self.angle_between(rhs), the result will be equal to rhs. If max_angle is negative, rotates towards the exact opposite of rhs. Will not go past the target.

Both quaternions must be normalized.

§Panics

Will panic if self or rhs are not normalized when glam_assert is enabled.

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pub fn abs_diff_eq(self, rhs: Quat, max_abs_diff: f32) -> bool

Returns true if the absolute difference of all elements between self and rhs is less than or equal to max_abs_diff.

This can be used to compare if two quaternions contain similar elements. It works best when comparing with a known value. The max_abs_diff that should be used used depends on the values being compared against.

For more see comparing floating point numbers.

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pub fn lerp(self, end: Quat, s: f32) -> Quat

Performs a linear interpolation between self and rhs based on the value s.

When s is 0.0, the result will be equal to self. When s is 1.0, the result will be equal to rhs.

§Panics

Will panic if self or end are not normalized when glam_assert is enabled.

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pub fn slerp(self, end: Quat, s: f32) -> Quat

Performs a spherical linear interpolation between self and end based on the value s.

When s is 0.0, the result will be equal to self. When s is 1.0, the result will be equal to end.

§Panics

Will panic if self or end are not normalized when glam_assert is enabled.

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pub fn mul_vec3(self, rhs: Vec3) -> Vec3

Multiplies a quaternion and a 3D vector, returning the rotated vector.

§Panics

Will panic if self is not normalized when glam_assert is enabled.

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pub fn mul_quat(self, rhs: Quat) -> Quat

Multiplies two quaternions. If they each represent a rotation, the result will represent the combined rotation.

Note that due to floating point rounding the result may not be perfectly normalized.

§Panics

Will panic if self or rhs are not normalized when glam_assert is enabled.

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pub fn from_affine3(a: &Affine3A) -> Quat

Creates a quaternion from a 3x3 rotation matrix inside a 3D affine transform.

Note if the input affine matrix contain scales, shears, or other non-rotation transformations then the resulting quaternion will be ill-defined.

§Panics

Will panic if any input affine matrix column is not normalized when glam_assert is enabled.

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pub fn mul_vec3a(self, rhs: Vec3A) -> Vec3A

Multiplies a quaternion and a 3D vector, returning the rotated vector.

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pub fn as_dquat(self) -> DQuat

Trait Implementations§

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impl Add for Quat

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fn add(self, rhs: Quat) -> Quat

Adds two quaternions.

The sum is not guaranteed to be normalized.

Note that addition is not the same as combining the rotations represented by the two quaternions! That corresponds to multiplication.

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type Output = Quat

The resulting type after applying the + operator.
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impl AsRef<[f32; 4]> for Quat

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fn as_ref(&self) -> &[f32; 4]

Converts this type into a shared reference of the (usually inferred) input type.
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impl Clone for Quat

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fn clone(&self) -> Quat

Returns a copy of the value. Read more
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fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source. Read more
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impl Debug for Quat

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fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter. Read more
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impl Default for Quat

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fn default() -> Quat

Returns the “default value” for a type. Read more
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impl Deref for Quat

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type Target = Vec4<f32>

The resulting type after dereferencing.
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fn deref(&self) -> &<Quat as Deref>::Target

Dereferences the value.
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impl DerefMut for Quat

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fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut <Quat as Deref>::Target

Mutably dereferences the value.
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impl Display for Quat

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fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter. Read more
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impl Div<f32> for Quat

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fn div(self, rhs: f32) -> Quat

Divides a quaternion by a scalar value. The quotient is not guaranteed to be normalized.

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type Output = Quat

The resulting type after applying the / operator.
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impl From<Quat> for Vec4

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fn from(q: Quat) -> Vec4

Converts to this type from the input type.
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impl Mul<Vec3> for Quat

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fn mul(self, rhs: Vec3) -> <Quat as Mul<Vec3>>::Output

Multiplies a quaternion and a 3D vector, returning the rotated vector.

§Panics

Will panic if self is not normalized when glam_assert is enabled.

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type Output = Vec3

The resulting type after applying the * operator.
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impl Mul<Vec3A> for Quat

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type Output = Vec3A

The resulting type after applying the * operator.
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fn mul(self, rhs: Vec3A) -> <Quat as Mul<Vec3A>>::Output

Performs the * operation. Read more
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impl Mul<f32> for Quat

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fn mul(self, rhs: f32) -> Quat

Multiplies a quaternion by a scalar value.

The product is not guaranteed to be normalized.

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type Output = Quat

The resulting type after applying the * operator.
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impl Mul for Quat

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fn mul(self, rhs: Quat) -> Quat

Multiplies two quaternions. If they each represent a rotation, the result will represent the combined rotation.

Note that due to floating point rounding the result may not be perfectly normalized.

§Panics

Will panic if self or rhs are not normalized when glam_assert is enabled.

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type Output = Quat

The resulting type after applying the * operator.
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impl MulAssign for Quat

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fn mul_assign(&mut self, rhs: Quat)

Multiplies two quaternions. If they each represent a rotation, the result will represent the combined rotation.

Note that due to floating point rounding the result may not be perfectly normalized.

§Panics

Will panic if self or rhs are not normalized when glam_assert is enabled.

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impl Neg for Quat

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type Output = Quat

The resulting type after applying the - operator.
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fn neg(self) -> Quat

Performs the unary - operation. Read more
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impl PartialEq for Quat

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fn eq(&self, rhs: &Quat) -> bool

Tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.
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fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.
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impl<'a> Product<&'a Quat> for Quat

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fn product<I>(iter: I) -> Quat
where I: Iterator<Item = &'a Quat>,

Takes an iterator and generates Self from the elements by multiplying the items.
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impl Product for Quat

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fn product<I>(iter: I) -> Quat
where I: Iterator<Item = Quat>,

Takes an iterator and generates Self from the elements by multiplying the items.
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impl Sub for Quat

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fn sub(self, rhs: Quat) -> Quat

Subtracts the rhs quaternion from self.

The difference is not guaranteed to be normalized.

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type Output = Quat

The resulting type after applying the - operator.
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impl<'a> Sum<&'a Quat> for Quat

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fn sum<I>(iter: I) -> Quat
where I: Iterator<Item = &'a Quat>,

Takes an iterator and generates Self from the elements by “summing up” the items.
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impl Sum for Quat

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fn sum<I>(iter: I) -> Quat
where I: Iterator<Item = Quat>,

Takes an iterator and generates Self from the elements by “summing up” the items.
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impl Copy for Quat

Auto Trait Implementations§

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impl Freeze for Quat

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impl RefUnwindSafe for Quat

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impl Send for Quat

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impl Sync for Quat

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impl Unpin for Quat

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impl UnwindSafe for Quat

Blanket Implementations§

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impl<T> Any for T
where T: 'static + ?Sized,

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fn type_id(&self) -> TypeId

Gets the TypeId of self. Read more
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impl<T> Borrow<T> for T
where T: ?Sized,

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fn borrow(&self) -> &T

Immutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
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impl<T> BorrowMut<T> for T
where T: ?Sized,

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fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T

Mutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
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impl<T> CloneToUninit for T
where T: Clone,

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unsafe fn clone_to_uninit(&self, dst: *mut T)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (clone_to_uninit)
Performs copy-assignment from self to dst. Read more
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impl<T> From<T> for T

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fn from(t: T) -> T

Returns the argument unchanged.

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impl<T, U> Into<U> for T
where U: From<T>,

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fn into(self) -> U

Calls U::from(self).

That is, this conversion is whatever the implementation of From<T> for U chooses to do.

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impl<T> ToOwned for T
where T: Clone,

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type Owned = T

The resulting type after obtaining ownership.
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fn to_owned(&self) -> T

Creates owned data from borrowed data, usually by cloning. Read more
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fn clone_into(&self, target: &mut T)

Uses borrowed data to replace owned data, usually by cloning. Read more
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impl<T> ToString for T
where T: Display + ?Sized,

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default fn to_string(&self) -> String

Converts the given value to a String. Read more
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impl<T, U> TryFrom<U> for T
where U: Into<T>,

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type Error = Infallible

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
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fn try_from(value: U) -> Result<T, <T as TryFrom<U>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.
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impl<T, U> TryInto<U> for T
where U: TryFrom<T>,

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type Error = <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
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fn try_into(self) -> Result<U, <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.